Appamādāvaha pakiṇṇakaniddesa

1.

Saṃvijjanti dha lokasmiṃ,

Bahū jīvitakappanā;

Gahetvā patta muñcho yo,

Jīvikānaṃ sa lāmako.

2.

Sukulāca tadupagā, kāmabhogā napekkhino;

Na bhayaṭṭā na iṇaṭṭā, neva ājīva kāraṇā.

3.

Nālaṃva gihinā brahma, cariyāya akhaṇḍitaṃ;

Gharāvāso tisambādho, pabbajjāva nirālayā.

4.

Bhavapaṅkā pamuccāma, tivittiṇṇā bhayānakā;

Paṭipatti yimāyāti, katvā tadupagā ime.

5.

Uttiṭṭhe nappamajjeyya, dhammaṃ caritaṃ sucare;

Dhammacārī sukhaṃseti, asmiṃloke paramhica.

6.

Svāgatā vata tebhikkhū, pattā sambuddhaputta taṃ;

Gihi bandhana pucchijja, sukhitā sāsane ratā.

7.

Katapuñña visesāva, ete suladdha dullabhā;

Chaṭṭetvāpi mahārajjaṃ, nedisaṃ laddha maññadā.

8.

Svāgatā sugatī hontu, māduggatī pamādino;

Dussīlā ce gamissanti, apāyaṃ tibhayānakaṃ.

9.

Gihibhogā parīhinno, sāmaññattañca dūbhato;

Paridhaṃsamāno pakireti, chavālātaṃva nassati.

10.

Kuso yathā duggahito, hatthamevā nukantati;

Sāmaññaṃ dupparāmaṭṭhaṃ, nirayā yupa kaḍḍhati.

11.

Yaṃkiñci sithilaṃ kammaṃ, saṃkiliṭṭhañca yaṃkataṃ;

Saṅkassaraṃ brahmacariyaṃ, nataṃhoti mahapphalaṃ.

12.

Kariyāce kariyā venaṃ, daḷhamenaṃ parakkame;

Sithilohi paribbajo, bhiyyo ākirate rajaṃ.

13.

Iti vuttaṃ munindena, nussaraṃ ani vattito;

Sadā alina cittena, careyya buddhasāvako.

14.

Rāgaṃ asubhacintāya, dosaṃ mettāya vāraye;

Maraṇena dhajaṃmānaṃ, sambuddhe tikkha saddhiko.

15.

Asubhā kāmavitakkaṃ, mettā byāpāda takkitaṃ;

Vihiṃsaṃ karuṇāyeva, nivāreyya sadāsato.

16.

Buddhāṇatti sadātīto, micchāvitakka pīḷito;

Pāpadhammehi saṃkiṇṇo, soniccāpāya gāmiko.

17.

Dhovitvā pattimalāni, punātikkama saṃvuto;

Micchāvitakka sañchedī, dūro apāya gāmito.

18.

Khīṇāsavatta buddhattaṃ, niyyānika ntarā yikaṃ;

Sīhanādaṃ catuṭṭhāne, vesārajjo jino nadi.

19.

Sīlaṃ niyyānikaṃ nāma, āpatti antarāyikaṃ;

Antarāya manāpajja, niyyāneva patiṭṭhatu.

20.

Niyyānikāca asubhā, subhasaññā ntarāyikā;

Antarāya manāpajja, niyyāneva patiṭṭhatu.

21.

Nānāpatti pakiṇṇopi, pārājikā vasesako;

So mityatta paṇīdhīhi, lajjīyeva visodhako.

22.

Alajjīkamma kiṇṇopi,

Saṃvejetvā sumittiko;

Lajjīyeva visodhento,

Matakova asodhako.

23.

Yo pubbeva pamajjitvā, pacchāso nappamajjati;

Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhāmuttovacandimā.

24.

Dhuraṃkatvā dhipatayo, yo puññesu parakkame;

Tassa niyyānikaṃ kammaṃ, kiṃnāmakaṃ nasijjhate.

25.

Paccate munino bhattaṃ, thokaṃthokaṃ ghareghare;

Piṇḍikāyeva jīvantu, māpajjantu anesanaṃ.

26.

Dhoveyyā pattimagāni, vuṭṭhāna desanambuhi;

Saṃvarissanti cittena, sīlaṃ dhotassa nimmalaṃ.

27.

Buddhāṇātikkamāpatti , niggahe rāgadosake;

Natthi sañcicca āpatti, lajīva so pavuccati.

28.

Vāṇijja kasikādīhi, nāhāreṭṭhi dhasāsane;

Dhura dvayaṃva kiccaṃ taṃ, nāññakiccehi hāpaye.

29.

Niggaṇheyya sakaṃcittaṃ, kiṭṭhādiṃ viya duppasuṃ;

Satimā sampajānoca, care sabbiriyāpathe.

30.

Yathā thambhe nibandheyya, vacchaṃ damaṃ naro idha;

Bandheyyevaṃ sakaṃcittaṃ, satiyā rammaṇe daḷhaṃ.

31.

Adhisīlādhicittānaṃ, adhipaññāya sikkhanaṃ;

Bhikkhu kiccattayaṃ etaṃ, karontova subhikkhuko.

32.

Pañcāṭṭha dasa sīlāni, nādhisīlaṃ taduttari;

Pātimokkhaṃ adhisīlaṃ, pabbatā dhika meruva.

33.

Pātimokkhaṃ visodhento, appeva jīvitaṃ jahe;

Paññattaṃ lokanāthena, nabhinde sīlasaṃvaraṃ.

34.

Sīlenā tikkamaṃ thullaṃ, pariyuṭṭhaṃ samādhinā;

Paññāyā nusayaṃ saṇhaṃ, kilesaṃ bhikkhu bhindati.

35.

Sāsanassādi sīlaṃva, majjhe tassa samādhiva;

Paññāva pariyosānaṃ, kalyāṇāva imetayo.

36.

Mahāpuññe ṭhitaṃ sīlaṃ, samādhi appanā gataṃ;

Catumagga yutā paññā, etaṃ sikkhattayaṃ mataṃ.

37.

Sīlanalakkhaṇaṃ sīlaṃ, dussīlya dhaṃsanaṃ rasaṃ;

Hirottappa padaṭṭhānaṃ, suci paccupaṭṭhānakaṃ.

38.

Sasīlagutti nāthoca, dunnigaho visārado;

Dhammaṭṭhītīti pañcete, guṇā venayike matā.

39.

Ādi kalrāṇa saṃvedī, sīlamattaṭṭha bhikkhavo;

Uddhaṃ kalyāṇa lābhāya, alino anivattiko.

40.

Dhovitvā pattimalāni, vuṭṭhāna desana mbuhi;

Suddhasīle ṭhitoyeva, evaṃ cinteyya paññavā.

41.

Sampuddhorasa puttāva, buddhurojā nussāvanā;

Sambhūtā pitu dāyādā, puttānāma sabhāvato.

42.

Khīraṃ pitvāva jīvanti, jātāpi idha puttakā;

Pariyatti jinakkhīraṃ, pitvāva jinaputtakā.

43.

Dāyoca nāma buddhassa, dhammāmisa vasādvidhā;

Maggañāṇā dayo dhammo, cattāro paccayāmisā.

44.

Cira māmisa dāyādā, rājapūjādi gāhino;

Dāyā missaggahaṃ nicchi, saddhamma garuko jino.

45.

Lakkha kappa catussaṅkhya, kālaṃ vicita niccitaṃ;

Dhammadāyaṃ navindamhā, buddhaputtāpi yemayaṃ.

46.

Buddhavārita dāyādā, saddhammadāya bāhirā;

Puttāpi satthudāsābhā, bhuttamattā hi dāsakā.

47.

Bhaddanta rāhulasseva, dāyaṃ nopi adā jino;

Nādiyimhā pamādāya, taṃ dāyaṃ kusalantakaṃ.

48.

Dhammadāyādā mebhikkhave tumhebhavatha,

Māāmisa dāyādā;

Iti vuttaṃ munindena,

Sāvakesu dayāvatā.

49.

Imāya buddhavācāya, buddhasantaka taṃ sare;

Dvinnaṃ āmisaa dāyāda, bhāvassaca nivāraṇaṃ.

50.

Rajje caṇḍālaputtāva, saddhammacakka vattino;

Puttā hontāpi dāyesmiṃ, nirāsā tiva ninditā.

51.

Micchājīva samāpannā, accāsā paccayāmise;

Mahājānīya sampattā, moghakatvā tidullabhaṃ.

52.

Gihikāme pahāyāgo, paravantosu laggito;

Gaṅgātiṇṇo taḷākamhi, nimuggovā tinindito.

53.

Cīvare piṇḍapāteca, paccaye sayanāsane;

Etesu taṇha mākāsi, mālokaṃ punarāgami.

54.

Itivuttā nusārena, paccavekkhaṇa suddhiyā;

Āmisesu hane āsaṃ, puttamaṃsu pamaṃ saraṃ.

55.

Seyyo ayoguḷo bhutto,

Tatto aggisikhūpamo;

Yañce bhuñjeyya dussīlo,

Raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ asaññato.

56.

Itivuttaṃ nucintento, vajje dussīla bhāvato;

Sīle ṭhitova bhuñjeyya, māditta guḷakaṃ gili.

57.

Annāna matho pānānaṃ,

Khādanīyāna mathopi vatthānaṃ;

Laddhāna sannidhiṃ kariyā,

Naca parittase tāni alabhamāno.

58.

Aññāhi lābhupanisā, aññā nibbāna gāminī;

Sakkāraṃ nābhinandeyya, viveka manubrūhaye.

59.

Akatvā āmise āsaṃ,

Saddhammeyeva āsiko;

Appamatto samāraddho,

Dhammadāyaṃ labhissati.

60.

Pariyattiṃ vinā seyyaṃ, nalabhanti budhāapi;

Seyyatthikova sikkheyya, neva pūjādi kāraṇā.

61.

Bhavanissaraṇatthaṃva , sikkhe nā laggadūpamo;

Tathūpamāya sikkhanto, apāyesu patissati.

62.

Sikkhitena amānatthaṃ, nasādhu mānathaddhiko;

Mudubhāvāya sikkhitvā, damento muduko bhave.

63.

Rāgaṃ dosaṃ dhajaṃmānaṃ, sikkhantopi vivajjaye;

Daharāpi hi miyyanti, natthi vassaggato mataṃ.

64.

Saddhaṃtikkheyya buddhena, rāgaṃ asubha cintayā;

Maraṇena dhajaṃmānaṃ, dosaṃ mettāya vāraye.

65.

Etehi caturakkhehi, ganthaṃ sikkheyya saṃ vuto;

Sikkhantassehi rakkhehi, nakoci saṃkilesiko.

66.

Buddhavācampi sajjhāya, etepi manasīkara;

Vutto dhammavihārīti, ediso sāsane varo.

67.

Garūna mupadesena,

Caturakkho susīlavā;

Appassutopi pāsaṃso,

Bhiyyoyeva bahussuto.

68.

Sātaṃ sevakkhaṇevappaṃ, taṃhetvā nantādukkhanti;

Dhīro āsaṃ hane kāme, khuradhāramadhūpame.

69.

Yodha kāme sukhaṃmaññi,

Na so dukkhā vimuccati;

Mātāhi byaggha manvento,

Vacho mutto kathaṃbhayā.

70.

Tiracchā peta laddhabbe, nāsaṃ kāmasukhe kare;

Bhāyitabba sukhaṃ tañhi, tasmiṃ laggā mahātapā.

71.

Laddhā kāmasukhaṃ bālā, pamodanti napaṇḍitā;

Pasupakkhībhi laddhabbaṃ, anantadukkha kāraṇaṃ.

72.

Laddhā dhammaratiṃviññū, modanti na apaṇḍitā;

Anoma satta paribhogaṃ, bhaganissaraṇāvahaṃ.

73.

Hīnakammaṃ paṭicchannaṃ, kāmassādaṃ napatthaye;

Dhamme pītiñca pāmojjaṃ, pattheyya sādhusampato.

74.

Pariggaṇhanti yekāme, hiṃ santite tadatthikā;

Pariccattaṃ na hiṃ santi, muttaṃ vaṇṇenti sādhavo.

75.

Niccupakkamma puṭṭhopi, kāyo verīvasā nugo;

Aciraṃyeva bhūsāyī, yuttova ta mupekkhituṃ.

76.

Rakkhitopi aguttova, kāyo bhayamukhe ṭhito;

Tasmā kāya mupekkhitvā, caredhamma machambhito.

77.

Puṭṭho puṭṭhopi yaṃkāyo, bhuvi rogāsayīsayī;

Kataṃkataṃ mudhāto na, tadatthaṃ duccare care.

78.

Pāpaṃ karoti yobālo,

Puṭṭhuṃ kāyaṃ tidubbharaṃ;

Bhūmyaṃ kāyaṃ ṭhapetvāna,

Anātho so apāyiko.

79.

Verīvasā nugaṃ kāyaṃ,

Bālo poseti duccaro;

Posento niraye pakko,

Kāyo bhūmyaṃ vikāragū.

80.

Pāpaṃ mākara kāyatthaṃ, kāyo verī vasānugo;

Bhūmyaṃ sessati vekārī, pāpiko nirayaṃ gato.

81.

Amayhaṃ mayhasaññāya,

Kāyaṃ rogavasānugaṃ;

Posaṃ patto mahājāniṃ,

Nokāso dhamma mikkhituṃ.

82.

Kāyāpekkhāya nokāso,

Dhammaṃ daṭṭhuṃ rahogato;

Upekkhāyeva okāso,

Dukkhitā mha apekkhayā.

83.

Citta saṃsodhakā pakkā, kāyasaṃsodhakā navā;

Sodhe cittaṃva pakkatthaṃ, nakāyaṃ bhavabhīruko.

84.

Cittasaṅkharaṇaṃ sādhu, taṃ saṅkhataṃ pabhassaraṃ;

Nasādhu kāyasaṅkhāro, saṅkhatopyasubhova so.

85.

Sabhāva malinaṃ kāyaṃ, nimmalāya kathaṃ kare;

Āgantumalinaṃ cittaṃ, sakkā kātuṃ sunimmalaṃ.

86.

Ādhibyādhi parotāya, ajjasvevā vināsinā;

Kohināma sarīrāya, dhammāpetaṃ samācare.

87.

Sabhāvajegucchaṃ kāyaṃ, sobhetuṃnevasakkuṇe;

Cittaṃ vā laṅkataṃ sobhaṃ, sīlādi gandhavāsitaṃ.

88.

Sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkha mappiyaṃ;

Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvivā yadivā raho.

89.

Kilesā gantumalaṃcittaṃ, pabhassara sabhāvikaṃ;

Tadāgantumalaṃ dhova, cittaṃ dhote pabhassaraṃ.

90.

Kilesā gantumalaṃcittaṃ, upakkamena sodhaye;

Suvisuddha manāyeva, uttariṃsu bhavaṇṇavā.

91.

Kāye malamupekkhāya, citte malaṃva dhovatu;

Citte hi nimmalesanto, pūtikāyopi pūjito.

92.

Kāyarogaṃ titikkhāya, cittarogaṃ cikicchatu;

Sukhito kāyarogīpi, citte nirāmaye sati.

93.

Kāyaroge bahū vejjā, buddhuttiva manogade;

Idhāpi kāyiko santo, anantāva manorujā.

94.

Sīsadaḍḍha mupekkhāya, nibbātu rāgapāvakaṃ;

Khippaṃ asubha saññāya, niccadaḍḍhaṃ bhavebhave.

95.

Subhāya uṭṭhitaṃ rāgaṃ, asubhāya nivāraye;

Sorāgo sāditaṃ jantuṃ, catvāpāyaṃ nayissati.

96.

Paṇḍitānaṃ malaṃ māno, sottukkaṃsena pākaṭo;

Mākho attāna mukkaṃse, māvibhāve sakaṃmalaṃ.

97.

Guṇaṃ paṭicca guṇīnaṃ, ahaṃmāno samuṭṭhahe;

Maraṇaṃ anucintāya, dhajaṃmānaṃ nipātaya.

98.

Eko kāyavivekesī, katvā kilesaniggahaṃ;

Vase cittavivekesī, ubho padhi vivekādā.

99.

Adiṭṭhe asute ṭhāne, vaseyya mocanatthiko;

Assādaṃhi nivāretuṃ, diṭṭhe sute tidukkaraṃ.

100.

Adiṭṭhe asute raññe, vaseyyi ndriyagopako;

Vāretuṃ visayākiṇṇe, cakkhusotaṃ tidukkaraṃ.

101.

Rāgaṃ asati uppannaṃ, santābhujena vāraye;

Bāhire rāga muppannaṃ, anto asubhacintayā.

102.

Rāgaṃ chindāti buddhāṇaṃ, saraṃ bhikkhu rahogato;

Passaṃ kāyedha jegucchaṃ, labheyyā siṭṭhamocanaṃ.

103.

Kāyaṃ asubhatopassa, kallakāleva dassanaṃ;

Moghaṃ kālaṃ nakhīyeyya, bhaveyyuṃsvepiāturā.

104.

Kāyaṃ jegucchatopassa, bālyanto paccavekkhiya;

Ādo kiñci jigucchāya, jiguccheyyāyatiṃ bhusaṃ.

105.

Kāyādinava mikkheyya, dāni kiñcipi dassanaṃ;

Āyatiṃ maggalābhāya, bhaveyya upanissa yo.

106.

Itthīna maṅgamaṅgāni, napasseyya nacintaye;

Tadāsā ubhato bhaṭṭhā, sugatyā sāsanāpica.

107.

Itthirūpa sarākaḍḍhā, bhaṭṭhā bahūva sāsanā;

Ihāpi dukkhitā hutvā, te pecca atidukkhino.

108.

Puṃmano pariyādāya, itthirūpasarā ṭhitā;

Tassama mañña mekampi, navijjateva sabbadhi.

109.

Sallape asihatthena, pisācenāpi sallape;

Āsade āsivisepi, aggikkhandhepi āsade;

Natveva mātugāmena, ekekāya supesalo.

110.

Kāmaṃ asubhacintāya, byāpādaṃ snehacetasā;

Vihiṃsaṃ karuṇāyehi, vitakkaggī tayosame.

111.

Asameta vitakkaggī, thusarāsimhi khāṇuva;

Athirā sāsane tāpī, tepacchāatitāpino.

112.

Asubhā pagame lokā, taṃ mettāyupasaṅkame;

Subhāvitāhi etāhi, jaheloke piyāpiyaṃ.

113.

Gataṭṭhitādo uppanne, vitakkaggī tayo same;

Ātāpī pahitattoti, evaṃbhūto pavuccati.

114.

Vivādappatto dutīyo, keneko vivadissati;

Tassate saggakāmassa, ekatta muparocitaṃ.

115.

Sinihappatto dutīyo, kamekā sinihissati;

Tassate mokkhakāmassa, ekatta muparocitaṃ.

116.

Purato pacchatovāpi, aparo ce navijjati;

Tasseva phāsu bhavati, ekassa vasato vane.

117.

Sukhañca kāma mayikaṃ, dukkhañca pavivekikaṃ;

Pavivekaṃ dukkhaṃ seyyo, yañce kāmamayaṃ sukhaṃ.

118.

Yoca vassasataṃ jīve, apassaṃ udayabbayaṃ;

Ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo, passato udayabbayaṃ.

119.

Suññāgāraṃ paviṭṭhassa, santacittassa bhikkhuno;

Amānussī rati hoti, sammādhammaṃ vipassato.

120.

Yatoyato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;

Labhati pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānataṃ.

121.

Iccuttaṃ dhammapāmojjaṃ, vivekajaṃ rasādhikaṃ;

Icchanto sīlavā bhikkhu, anivattita vīriyo.

122.

Vanā vāse vasitvāna, appicchādiguṇāvaho;

Pali bodhe samucchijja, bhāveyyevaṃrahogato.

123.

Kāye jegucchapuñjāni, rūpaṃ ruppanabhāvato;

Tassitā vedanā saññā, saṅkhārāca tatopare.

124.

Viññāṇañca imepañca, khandhā rāsatthato matā;

Tecānicca dukkhā nattā, upādā vayadhammino.

125.

Pheṇapiṇḍū pamaṃ rūpaṃ, vedanā pupphuḷūpamā;

Marīcikūpamā saññā, saṅkhārā kadalūpamā.

126.

Māyūpamanti viññāṇaṃ, dassite sabba dassinā;

Upamāhi samasse yya, pañcakkhandhe asārake.

127.

Yāva byāti nimmissati,

Koṭilakkhātahiṃkhaṇe;

Khandhā bhijjanti hutvāna,

Aniccānāma te tato.

128.

Bhaya pīḷitato dukkhā, anattā avidheyyato;

Khandhāva honti bhijjanti, añño koci nalabbhati.

129.

Khandhā niccā khayaṭṭhena, bhayaṭṭhena dukhācate;

Anattā sārakaṭṭhena, iti passe punappunaṃ.

130.

Bhāṇūdaye kayaṃ enti, hemante patitussavā;

Rāgā mānāca sabbevaṃ, satyā niccānupassane.

131.

Sīhanādaṃ vanesutvā, saṃvejenti sasotakā;

Vehapphalāpi lokevaṃ, jinerita tilakkhaṇaṃ.

132.

Vedanādīni nāmāni, nāmarūpadvayaṃva te;

Taṇhāvijjāca kammādi, nāmarūpassa paccayā.

133.

Nāmarūpaṃ pariggayha, tato tassaca paccayaṃ;

Hutvā abhāvato niccā, udayabbaya pīḷanā.

134.

Dukkhā avasavattittā, anattātitilakkhaṇaṃ;

Āropetvāva saṅkhāre, sammasanto punappunaṃ.

135.

Pāpuṇeyyā nupubbena,

Sabbasaṃyojana kkhayaṃ;

Tampatto arahā bhikkhu,

Bhavatiṇṇo sunibbuto.

136.

Natumhaṃ bhikkhave rūpaṃ, taṃ jahethāti vuttato;

Memetanti upādānaṃ, pañcakkhandhe vināsaye.

137.

Puttā matthi dhanā matthi, iti bālo vihaññati;

Attāpi attano natthi, kutoputtokutodhanaṃ.

138.

Iccutta manucintāya, attāti atthimetivā;

Saññaṃ nāseyya khandhāva, atthīti ābhuje budho.

139.

Khandhanāsa manābhujja, mato me puttako iti;

Socanti paridevanti puttonatthi nasomato.

140.

Bhijjamānesu khandhesu, attasaññī anattesu;

Nādikāla viparitā, mahājānīyataṃ gatā.

141.

Bhijjamānesu khandhesu, laggā rattā mamāyitā;

Nārīpumādi saññāya, viparetā anādike.

142.

Nādikāla viparito, attasaññī anattani;

Bhijjamānesu khandhesu, jaha ttāti mamāyanaṃ.

143.

Abhiṇhuppattiyāyeva, bhijjamāno naññayati;

Aniccalakkhaṇaṃ channaṃ, taṃ cinteyya supaññavā.

144.

Asanteyeva laggantā, namuccanti bhavattayā;

Natthi santesu laggantā, rūpakkhandhā dike svidha.

145.

Taṇhā gijjhati metanti, māno ahanti maññati;

Diṭṭhi gaṇhāti attāti, ete papañcakā tayo.

146.

Mame ta maha mattāti, papañcānaṃ vasānugo;

Gaṇhanto bhava paṅkamhi, nimmuggova bhayānake.

147.

Name nāhaṃ naattāti, etehi vivadaṃ kare;

Vivadantāva muccanti, bhavapaṅkā bhayānakā.

148.

Name nāhaṃ naattāti, daṭṭhabbanti jineritaṃ;

Tatheva sabbadā maññe, mā papañca vasānugo.

149.

Loko vivadi buddhena, nalokena kadāciso;

Anattāti jinuddiṭṭhaṃ, loko attāti maññati.

150.

Mo lokena samo hotu,

Tassamo kiṃtaduttare;

Andhibhūto ayaṃloko,

Sambuddhassa virodhiko.

151.

Sambuddhassa vasaṃ nvetu, sanjhādi bhayatajjito;

Tabbasaṃyeva anvento, bhavatiṇṇo bhavissati.

152.

Anattāti girā saccā, attāti vacanaṃ musā;

Musāya vivade loko, buddhena sacca vādinā.

153.

Turaṅgavajagāmamhā, purime camakya kānane;

Vasatā aggadhammena, therena racito ayaṃ.

154.

Arimatteyya buddhassa,

Dhamma ssutakkhaṇe bhave;

Khīṇāsavo mahāpañño,

Puññena tena sāvakoti.